What is known
Annual laboratory data from apparently healthy Golden Retrievers demonstrate that individual dogs can have meaningful year-to-year biochemical variation and support use of within-dog change intervals in interpretation. Prospective longitudinal screening of apparently healthy older dogs identified previously unrecognized systemic disease at baseline and additional clinically relevant findings during follow-up, including renal disease detection. Dog Aging Project analysis of 937 companion dogs used longitudinal survival models on 133 plasma metabolites and found approximately 17% associated with mortality, with 23 meeting a false-discovery-rate threshold below 5%. These studies establish longitudinal information and risk-association value, not a causal benefit from testing frequency. No randomized or pragmatic canine trial was identified showing that more frequent biomarker testing itself improves quality of life, morbidity, healthspan, or survival.